HanPath

China Guide: Cities, Mountains, Heritage and Culture

A guide to China for travellers who want to understand what they are looking at: every province, every city, and the mountains, rivers, monuments and traditions worth planning a trip around. Each entry tells you what it is, what to see, what to eat, when to go and how to get there.

Themes 87

Mountains · 名山 20

泰山Tài Shān · Mount TaiThe most sacred of China's five sacred mountains 华山Huà Shān · Mount HuaThe most dangerous of the five sacred mountains 衡山Héng Shān · Mount Heng (Hunan)The South Great Mountain — the greenest of the five 恒山Héng Shān · Mount Heng (Shanxi)The North Great Mountain, with a monastery pinned to a cliff 嵩山Sōng Shān · Mount SongWhere Shaolin kung fu and Chinese astronomy both began 黄山Huáng Shān · Huangshan (Yellow Mountain)The mountain that Chinese landscape painting copied 庐山Lú Shān · Mount LuThe mountain of poets — and of twentieth-century politics 峨眉山Éméi Shān · Mount EmeiThe Buddhist mountain of the west, with monkeys on the path 武当山Wǔdāng Shān · Wudang MountainThe Taoist mountain of tai chi and the internal martial arts 武夷山Wǔyí Shān · Wuyi MountainTea cliffs and a river winding between red peaks 张家界Zhāngjiājiè · ZhangjiajieThousands of quartz pillars — the floating mountains of Avatar 九华山Jiǔhuá Shān · Mount JiuhuaThe Buddhist mountain with a preserved monk's body 普陀山Pǔtuó Shān · Mount PutuoThe island of Guanyin, goddess of mercy 五台山Wǔtái Shān · Mount WutaiThe Buddhist mountain of the north, with Tang halls 青城山Qīngchéng Shān · Mount QingchengThe birthplace of Taoism, in green Sichuan hills 三清山Sānqīng Shān · Mount SanqingGranite pillars and a walkway in the sky 雁荡山Yàndàng Shān · Yandang MountainVolcanic rock peaks, best seen at night 天山Tiān Shān · Tian ShanThe snowy range across the middle of Xinjiang 长白山Chángbái Shān · Changbai MountainA crater lake on the roof of northeast China 梵净山Fànjìng Shān · Fanjing MountainA split rock with a temple on each half

Rivers and Lakes · 江河湖海 20

长江三峡Chángjiāng Sānxiá · The Three GorgesThe great river journey through the gorges 漓江Lí Jiāng · The Li RiverThe karst river that is printed on the twenty-yuan note 西湖Xī Hú · West Lake (Hangzhou)The most storied lake in China — and the model for Chinese gardens 太湖Tài Hú · Lake TaiThe great lake of the Jiangnan garden country 洱海Ěr Hǎi · Erhai LakeThe lake under the Cangshan snow mountains 青海湖Qīnghǎi Hú · Qinghai LakeThe largest inland salt lake in China 九寨沟Jiǔzhàigōu · JiuzhaigouTerraced lakes in a valley — the most beautiful water in China 黄果树瀑布Huángguǒshù Pùbù · Huangguoshu WaterfallThe largest waterfall in China 壶口瀑布Húkǒu Pùbù · Hukou WaterfallThe Yellow River's great cataract 泸沽湖Lúgū Hú · Lugu LakeA high lake with the Mosuo 'walking marriage' culture 千岛湖Qiāndǎo Hú · Qiandao LakeA thousand islands in an artificial lake 洞庭湖Dòngtíng Hú · Lake DongtingThe great lake of the Yueyang Tower and the poetry 鄱阳湖Póyáng Hú · Lake PoyangChina's largest freshwater lake, and its winter birds 瘦西湖Shòuxī Hú · Slender West LakeA linear lake lined with gardens, built by salt merchants 三亚海滨Sānyà Hǎibīn · Sanya CoastThe only tropical beach holiday in China 青岛海滨Qīngdǎo Hǎibīn · Qingdao CoastGerman-built seaside city with China's best beer 黄河Huánghé · The Yellow RiverThe river that built the Chinese plain — and 'China's sorrow' 三江并流Sānjiāng Bìngliú · Three Parallel RiversThree great rivers running side by side through 4,000-metre gorges 纳木错与羊卓雍措Nàmùcuò yǔ Yángzhuóyōngcuò · Namtso and Yamdrok LakeThe holy lakes of the Tibetan plateau 雅鲁藏布大峡谷Yǎlǔzàngbù Dàxiágǔ · Yarlung Tsangpo Grand CanyonThe deepest canyon on earth

Heritage and Monuments · 古迹古建 29

长城Chángchéng · The Great WallThe longest building project in history, in many separate walls 北京故宫Běijīng Gùgōng · The Forbidden CityThe largest preserved palace complex in the world 天坛Tiāntán · The Temple of HeavenWhere the emperors asked heaven for a good harvest 颐和园Yíhéyuán · The Summer PalaceAn imperial garden built around a lake 秦始皇兵马俑Qínshǐhuáng Bīngmǎyǒng · The Terracotta ArmyEight thousand soldiers made of clay, no two faces the same 布达拉宫Bùdálā Gōng · The Potala PalaceThe palace on the hill — the symbol of Lhasa and of Tibetan Buddhism 敦煌莫高窟Dūnhuáng Mògāo Kū · The Mogao CavesA thousand years of Buddhist painting in a desert cliff 云冈石窟Yúngāng Shíkū · The Yungang GrottoesFifth-century Buddhas carved for a dynasty of steppe emperors 龙门石窟Lóngmén Shíkū · The Longmen GrottoesOne hundred thousand Buddhas in a river gorge 都江堰Dūjiāngyàn · Dujiangyan Irrigation SystemA 2,200-year-old irrigation system that still works 苏州古典园林Sūzhōu Gǔdiǎn Yuánlín · The Classical Gardens of SuzhouMiniature worlds built by scholars, and the model of the Chinese garden 福建土楼Fújiàn Tǔlóu · The Fujian TulouCircular fortress houses where a whole clan lived together 平遥古城Píngyáo Gǔchéng · The Ancient City of PingyaoA complete Ming–Qing county town, and where China's first banks were 丽江古城Lìjiāng Gǔchéng · The Old Town of LijiangA Naxi town of canals, with a pictographic script still in use 皖南古村落Wǎnnán Gǔcūnluò · Hongcun and XidiHuizhou villages of white walls and horse-head gables 承德避暑山庄Chéngdé Bìshǔ Shānzhuāng · Chengde Mountain ResortThe Qing summer capital and its eight outer temples 曲阜三孔Qūfù Sānkǒng · The Temple, Mansion and Cemetery of ConfuciusThe most important Confucian site in the world 大足石刻Dàzú Shíkè · The Dazu Rock CarvingsBuddhist, Taoist and Confucian figures carved side by side 乐山大佛Lèshān Dàfó · The Leshan Giant BuddhaThe largest stone Buddha in the world, carved into a river cliff 明十三陵Míng Shísānlíng · The Ming TombsThirteen emperors in a single valley 西安城墙Xī'ān Chéngqiáng · The Xi'an City WallThe most complete ancient city wall in China 应县木塔Yìngxiàn Mùtǎ · The Yingxian Wooden PagodaThe tallest ancient timber tower in the world 悬空寺Xuánkōng Sì · The Hanging MonasteryA monastery pinned to a cliff face 75 metres up 开平碉楼Kāipíng Diāolóu · The Kaiping DiaolouFortified towers built by overseas Chinese, in a hybrid style 凤凰古城Fènghuáng Gǔchéng · Fenghuang Ancient TownStilt houses along a green river — the most photographed small town in China 澳门历史城区Àomén Lìshǐ Chéngqū · The Historic Centre of Macao, ChinaFour centuries of Portuguese and Chinese architecture in one walk 三星堆Sānxīngduī · SanxingduiBronze masks from a civilisation that left no writing 良渚古城Liángzhǔ Gǔchéng · Liangzhu Archaeological SiteA 5,000-year-old city with jade and water engineering 殷墟Yīnxū · Yinxu (the Yin Ruins)Where the earliest Chinese writing was found

Culture and Traditions · 文化传统 18

中国茶Zhōngguó Chá · Chinese TeaSix families of tea, and a way of drinking that is a social ritual 丝绸Sīchóu · SilkThe fibre that gave a trade route its name 瓷器Cíqì · PorcelainThe invention that gave the world the word 'china' 书法Shūfǎ · CalligraphyWriting as the highest of the visual arts 京剧Jīngjù · Peking OperaPainted faces, stylised movement and a whole vocabulary of symbols 中医Zhōngyī · Traditional Chinese MedicineHerbal medicine, and a complete theory of the body 太极拳Tàijíquán · Tai ChiSlow movement practised as exercise, martial art and meditation 八大菜系Bādà Càixì · The Eight Great CuisinesEight regional traditions, and the regional logic behind Chinese food 二十四节气Èrshísì Jiéqì · The Twenty-Four Solar TermsA calendar built from the sun, used for farming and for eating 园林艺术Yuánlín Yìshù · Chinese Garden ArtLandscape as a miniature world, built to be walked through 汉字Hànzì · Chinese CharactersA writing system built from pictures, still in use after three thousand years 中国传统节日Zhōngguó Chuántǒng Jiérì · Chinese FestivalsThe lunar calendar, and the food that goes with each festival 青铜器Qīngtóngqì · Chinese BronzesRitual vessels cast 3,000 years ago with an unmatched technique 汉服Hànfú · HanfuTraditional dress, revived by a generation that wears it in the street 茶马古道Chámǎ Gǔdào · The Tea and Horse RoadThe caravan route that traded tea for Tibetan horses 石窟艺术Shíkū Yìshù · Buddhist Cave ArtA thousand years of sculpture cut into cliffs 玉文化Yù Wénhuà · Jade CultureThe stone that has meant more in China than gold 围棋Wéiqí · Go (Weiqi)The board game older than chess, and one of the four arts of the scholar

Provinces 34

All 34 province-level divisions: 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities and 2 special administrative regions, plus Taiwan, China.

北京市běi jīng · BeijingThe capital — imperial palaces, museums and the Great Wall 天津市tiān jīn · TianjinThe port for Beijing, with concession-era streets and serious breakfast culture 河北省hé běi · HebeiMountain passes, imperial summer palaces and the Great Wall's best stretches 山西省shān xī · ShanxiChina's timber temples and merchant mansions 内蒙古自治区nèi měng gǔ · Inner MongoliaGrassland, desert and Mongolian culture 辽宁省liáo níng · LiaoningManchu palaces, a coastline and the northeast's industrial spine 吉林省jí lín · JilinRime ice, Changbai Mountain and Korean-Chinese country 黑龙江省hēi lóng jiāng · HeilongjiangChina's far northeast — ice cities, forests and the Amur 上海市shàng hǎi · ShanghaiThe most cosmopolitan city, and the best introduction to modern China 江苏省jiāng sū · JiangsuClassical gardens, canal towns and the old southern capitals 浙江省zhè jiāng · ZhejiangWest Lake, tea hills and the canal's southern end 安徽省ān huī · AnhuiYellow Mountain, Huizhou villages and the tools of Chinese literacy 福建省fú jiàn · FujianHakka roundhouses, tea cliffs and the medieval maritime Silk Road 江西省jiāng xī · JiangxiPorcelain, a mountain of poets and China's most literary pavilion 山东省shān dōng · ShandongConfucius, a sacred mountain and the best beer in China 河南省hé nán · HenanThe cradle of Chinese civilisation — three ancient capitals and the earliest writing 湖北省hú běi · HubeiThe Yangtze's middle reach — the Three Gorges and a great bronze age 湖南省hú nán · HunanChilli, a 2,000-year-old tomb and the sandstone pillars of Zhangjiajie 广东省guǎng dōng · GuangdongCantonese food, two of China's biggest cities and a long tropical coast 广西壮族自治区guǎng xī · GuangxiThe karst landscape of Guilin and China's largest minority group 海南省hǎi nán · HainanChina's tropical island — beaches, rainforest and coconut country 重庆市chóng qìng · ChongqingA mountain city of two rivers, hotpot and a wartime capital 四川省sì chuān · SichuanPandas, hotpot, teahouses and the gateway to the Tibetan plateau 贵州省guì zhōu · GuizhouMinority villages, karst waterfalls and the coolest summer in the south 云南省yún nán · YunnanRice terraces, snow mountains and the greatest ethnic diversity in China 西藏自治区xī zàng · TibetThe Potala Palace, high plateau and the roof of the world 陕西省shǎn xī · ShaanxiThe terracotta army, a complete Ming wall and the start of the Silk Road 甘肃省gān sù · GansuThe Hexi Corridor — Silk Road caves, desert and Tibetan grasslands 青海省qīng hǎi · QinghaiThe source of the great rivers, salt lakes and Tibetan monasteries 宁夏回族自治区níng xià · NingxiaWhere the desert is irrigated by the Yellow River — and Western Xia tombs 新疆维吾尔自治区xīn jiāng · XinjiangSilk Road oases, the Taklamakan and the highest mountains in the west 香港特别行政区xiāng gǎng · Hong Kong, ChinaA harbour city of Cantonese food, hiking and verticality 澳门特别行政区ào mén · Macao, ChinaFour centuries of Portuguese-Chinese layering, and a unique cuisine 台湾省tái wān · Taiwan, ChinaA province of mountains, night markets and one of the world's great museums

Cities 359

Every prefecture-level division in the country — cities, autonomous prefectures, leagues and prefectures — 337 on the mainland plus 22 in Hong Kong, China, Macao, China and Taiwan, China. County-level cities directly administered by a province are not listed separately; they appear under their prefecture.

北京市 běi jīng 1

北京市

天津市 tiān jīn 1

天津市

河北省 hé běi 11

石家庄市唐山市秦皇岛市邯郸市邢台市保定市张家口市承德市沧州市廊坊市衡水市

山西省 shān xī 11

太原市大同市阳泉市长治市晋城市朔州市晋中市运城市忻州市临汾市吕梁市

内蒙古自治区 nèi měng gǔ 12

呼和浩特市包头市乌海市赤峰市通辽市鄂尔多斯市呼伦贝尔市巴彦淖尔市乌兰察布市兴安盟锡林郭勒盟阿拉善盟

辽宁省 liáo níng 14

沈阳市大连市鞍山市抚顺市本溪市丹东市锦州市营口市阜新市辽阳市盘锦市铁岭市朝阳市葫芦岛市

吉林省 jí lín 9

长春市吉林市四平市辽源市通化市白山市松原市白城市延边朝鲜族自治州

黑龙江省 hēi lóng jiāng 13

哈尔滨市齐齐哈尔市鸡西市鹤岗市双鸭山市大庆市伊春市佳木斯市七台河市牡丹江市黑河市绥化市大兴安岭地区

上海市 shàng hǎi 1

上海市

江苏省 jiāng sū 13

南京市无锡市徐州市常州市苏州市南通市连云港市淮安市盐城市扬州市镇江市泰州市宿迁市

浙江省 zhè jiāng 11

杭州市宁波市温州市嘉兴市湖州市绍兴市金华市衢州市舟山市台州市丽水市

安徽省 ān huī 16

合肥市芜湖市蚌埠市淮南市马鞍山市淮北市铜陵市安庆市黄山市滁州市阜阳市宿州市六安市亳州市池州市宣城市

福建省 fú jiàn 9

福州市厦门市莆田市三明市泉州市漳州市南平市龙岩市宁德市

江西省 jiāng xī 11

南昌市景德镇市萍乡市九江市新余市鹰潭市赣州市吉安市宜春市抚州市上饶市

山东省 shān dōng 16

济南市青岛市淄博市枣庄市东营市烟台市潍坊市济宁市泰安市威海市日照市临沂市德州市聊城市滨州市菏泽市

河南省 hé nán 17

郑州市开封市洛阳市平顶山市安阳市鹤壁市新乡市焦作市濮阳市许昌市漯河市三门峡市南阳市商丘市信阳市周口市驻马店市

湖北省 hú běi 13

武汉市黄石市十堰市宜昌市襄阳市鄂州市荆门市孝感市荆州市黄冈市咸宁市随州市恩施土家族苗族自治州

湖南省 hú nán 14

长沙市株洲市湘潭市衡阳市邵阳市岳阳市常德市张家界市益阳市郴州市永州市怀化市娄底市湘西土家族苗族自治州

广东省 guǎng dōng 21

广州市韶关市深圳市珠海市汕头市佛山市江门市湛江市茂名市肇庆市惠州市梅州市汕尾市河源市阳江市清远市东莞市中山市潮州市揭阳市云浮市

广西壮族自治区 guǎng xī 14

南宁市柳州市桂林市梧州市北海市防城港市钦州市贵港市玉林市百色市贺州市河池市来宾市崇左市

海南省 hǎi nán 4

海口市三亚市三沙市儋州市

重庆市 chóng qìng 1

重庆市

四川省 sì chuān 21

成都市自贡市攀枝花市泸州市德阳市绵阳市广元市遂宁市内江市乐山市南充市眉山市宜宾市广安市达州市雅安市巴中市资阳市阿坝藏族羌族自治州甘孜藏族自治州凉山彝族自治州

贵州省 guì zhōu 9

贵阳市六盘水市遵义市安顺市毕节市铜仁市黔西南布依族苗族自治州黔东南苗族侗族自治州黔南布依族苗族自治州

云南省 yún nán 16

昆明市曲靖市玉溪市保山市昭通市丽江市普洱市临沧市楚雄彝族自治州红河哈尼族彝族自治州文山壮族苗族自治州西双版纳傣族自治州大理白族自治州德宏傣族景颇族自治州怒江傈僳族自治州迪庆藏族自治州

西藏自治区 xī zàng 7

拉萨市日喀则市昌都市林芝市山南市那曲市阿里地区

陕西省 shǎn xī 10

西安市铜川市宝鸡市咸阳市渭南市延安市汉中市榆林市安康市商洛市

甘肃省 gān sù 14

兰州市嘉峪关市金昌市白银市天水市武威市张掖市平凉市酒泉市庆阳市定西市陇南市临夏回族自治州甘南藏族自治州

青海省 qīng hǎi 8

西宁市海东市海北藏族自治州黄南藏族自治州海南藏族自治州果洛藏族自治州玉树藏族自治州海西蒙古族藏族自治州

宁夏回族自治区 níng xià 5

银川市石嘴山市吴忠市固原市中卫市

新疆维吾尔自治区 xīn jiāng 14

乌鲁木齐市克拉玛依市吐鲁番市哈密市昌吉回族自治州博尔塔拉蒙古自治州巴音郭楞蒙古自治州阿克苏地区克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州喀什地区和田地区伊犁哈萨克自治州塔城地区阿勒泰地区

香港特别行政区 xiāng gǎng 1

香港

澳门特别行政区 ào mén 1

澳门

台湾省 tái wān 20

台北市新北市桃园市台中市台南市高雄市基隆市新竹市嘉义市宜兰县花莲县台东县南投县彰化县云林县屏东县苗栗县新竹县嘉义县澎湖县

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