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Why this order

  1. Tones before vocabulary. Most learners spend their first month on word lists and spend the next five years being misunderstood. Two weeks on the four tones and the tone-change rules buys more than two hundred extra words.
  2. Speaking before reading. HSK 1–2 here is built around things you can say today — greetings, numbers, ordering, asking directions. The point is a working loop of use, not a word count.
  3. Characters by component, not by repetition. Learn the twenty most common radicals and stroke order once, and most new characters become guessable rather than memorisable.
  4. Measure words early. They are not an advanced topic: 个, 本, 张 and 杯 appear in your first week and in almost every sentence after.
  5. Aspect markers as soon as you can say anything. 了 (completed), 过 (experienced) and 正在 (in progress) are what turn a phrase book into a language.
  6. Written Chinese last. Connectives like 然而 (however) and 因此 (therefore), and chengyu, sit on top of a spoken instinct. They are the ceiling, not the floor.

Stage 0 · Sounds first 1–2 weeks

No vocabulary yet — this stage is only about sound

Learn the sound system before you learn a single word: initials, finals, the four tones, and how tones change next to each other.

Grammar focusFour tones · tone sandhi (3rd tone; 不 and 一) · zh/ch/sh vs j/q/x · ü and the -i in zi/ci/si

Pinyin Thanh điệu

HSK 1 · Say something today 4–6 weeks

511 new words · 300 new characters · cumulative 511 words and 300 characters

Introduce yourself, count, tell the time, ask for things, and understand the answer. Nothing here is theoretical — everything is usable in the first week in China.

Grammar focus是 / 有 · questions with 吗 / 什么 / 谁 / 哪 · 的 · measure words 个 本 张 杯 · numbers and dates

Câu cần thiết Chữ Hán Thẻ ghi nhớ Trắc nghiệm

HSK 2 · Handle a day 6–10 weeks

755 new words · 298 new characters · cumulative 1266 words and 598 characters

Get through a normal day: shopping, ordering food, weather, directions, transport, and talking about what already happened.

Grammar focus了 (completed) · 过 (experienced) · 正在 (in progress) · comparison with 比 and 跟…一样 · 因为…所以 · 就 / 才

Từ vựng Lượng từ Viết chữ Trắc nghiệm

HSK 3 · Live independently 12–16 weeks

959 new words · 301 new characters · cumulative 2225 words and 899 characters

Travel on your own, see a doctor, rent a room, describe an experience and give an opinion about something simple.

Grammar focus把 construction · 被 (passive) · result complements · 越来越 · 连…都/也 · 除了…以外 · 只要…就

Từ vựng Ngữ pháp Cổ văn Trắc nghiệm

HSK 4 · Argue, explain, compare 20 weeks

972 new words · 300 new characters · cumulative 3197 words and 1199 characters

Talk about abstract things: work, study, the environment, plans, reasons. This is the level most universities in China ask for from foreign applicants.

Grammar focus不但…而且 · 虽然…但是 · 无论…都 · 既然 · 即使 · 复合趋向补语 (起来 / 下去) · 使 / 让 / 令

Ngữ pháp Cổ văn Từ vựng Lộ trình

HSK 5 · Read the news, watch television 30 weeks

1061 new words · 300 new characters · cumulative 4258 words and 1499 characters

Follow Chinese-language media, hold a work conversation, and read a novel with a dictionary at your side rather than on every line.

Grammar focusWritten connectives 然而 / 因此 / 从而 / 进而 · 排比与省略 · 不是…而是 · 与其…不如 · first chengyu

Cổ văn Ngữ pháp Lộ trình Đọc hằng ngày

HSK 6 · Literary and professional Chinese 40 weeks

1126 new words · 300 new characters · cumulative 5384 words and 1799 characters

Read literature and professional writing, understand idiom and allusion, and write in a register that reads as adult Chinese rather than translated English.

Grammar focusChengyu in context · classical function words surviving in modern writing (之 / 其 / 而 / 者) · rhetoric and parallelism · long-sentence parsing

Cổ văn Ngữ pháp Bản đồ văn hóa Cẩm nang Trung Quốc

HSK 7–9 · Advanced: academic and professional Chinese 60+ weeks

5609 new words · 0 new characters · cumulative 10993 words and 1799 characters

Work with Chinese the way a professional does: read unsimplified news and long-form non-fiction, follow argument and hedging rather than just facts, and write in a register that survives editing by a native speaker.

Grammar focusAbstract nominal compounds · formal connectives and hedging (鉴于 / 由此可见 / 不妨) · classical constructions inside modern academic prose · clause packing in long sentences

Cổ văn Ngữ pháp Từ vựng Trang luyện tập

Note on the standards. The six levels here follow the vocabulary of the HSK 1–6 word lists, which is what almost every textbook and course in the world is built on. China's own standard has since moved to HSK 3.0 — three bands and nine levels, examined globally from 31 January 2026, with levels 7–9 adding a large amount of new vocabulary. Level 4 in the new system is the usual requirement for studying at a Chinese university. Treat this plan as a route through the vocabulary, and check the current requirement of whatever course or university you are applying to.